Part D. Resources

D-1 Key Definitions

Adaptation - In human systems, the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, the process of adjustment to actual climate and its effects; human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Avoided losses (first dividend of resilience) - the losses and damages that are prevented or reduced when a climate hazard or shock occurs because of resilience or adaptation interventions (WRI ⁸⁰).

Co-benefits – a positive effect that a policy or measure aimed at one objective has on another objective, thereby increasing the total benefit to society or the environment. Co-benefits are also referred to as ancillary benefits (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Climate compatible development (CCD) – a form of development building on climate strategies that embrace development goals and development strategies that integrate climate risk management, adaptation and mitigation (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Critical link: a transport or logistics link in a supply chain that is at risk of disruption, with the risk exacerbated by climate change, and whose failure would have significant impacts on stakeholders whose prosperity depends on the supply chain.

Exposure – the presence of people; livelihoods; species or ecosystems; environmental functions, services, and resources; infrastructure; or economic, social, or cultural assets in places and settings that could be adversely affected (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Effectiveness – the extent to which a measure reduces climate-related risks, impacts, or vulnerability, and increases resilience.

Hazard – the potential occurrence of a natural or humaninduced physical event or trend that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, as well as damage and loss to property, infrastructure, livelihoods, service provision, ecosystems and environmental resources (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Induced economic benefits (second dividend of resilience) - The economic gains and development potential that are unlocked even in the absence of a hazard, by reducing background risk and enabling more confident investment, innovation, asset accumulation, and productive behavior (WRI ⁸⁰).

Infrastructure Resilience – the timely and efficient prevention, absorption, recovery, adaptation and transformation of national infrastructure’s essential structures and functions, which have been exposed to current and potential future hazards. Implementing resilient across all disruption phases should be done through collaborative risk and uncertainty management, multi-hazard assessment, and methods that embrace the systemic nature of national infrastructure (UNDRR ¹¹³).

Logistics challenges – problems or inefficiencies that make it difficult to move, store, and handle goods efficiently in a supply chain. They can relate to infrastructure, operations, workforce, flows or the external environment.

Logistics hub – a site where goods are transferred, consolidated, handled, or temporarily stored as part of the transport chain.

Net Resilience Gain – a long-term collaborative commitment to both (a) address systemic resilience loss, which reduces or removes actions that erode, reduce or undermine systemic resilience; and (b) to enhance systemic resilience, which prioritizes actions that create systems intrinsically resilient to disruptions (UNDRR ¹¹³).

Maladaptation – actions that may lead to increased risk of adverse climate-related outcomes, including via increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increased or shifted vulnerability to climate change, more inequitable outcomes, or diminished welfare, now or in the future. Most often, maladaptation is an unintended consequence (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Mitigation (of climate change): A human intervention to reduce emissions or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Multi-criteria analysis – integrates different decision parameters and values without assigning monetary values to all parameters. Multi-criteria analysis can combine quantitative and qualitative information. Also referred to as multi-attribute analysis (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Resilience – the capacity of interconnected social, economic and ecological systems to cope with a hazardous event, trend or disturbance, responding or reorganizing in ways that maintain their essential function, identity and structure. Resilience is a positive attribute when it maintains capacity for adaptation, learning and/or transformation. In the context of the logistics system, resilience is the ability of supply chains and logistics systems/networks to withstand, adapt to, and recover from disruptions, while maintaining efficient goods movement (IPCC Glossary 96).

Risk – in the context of climate change impacts, risks result from dynamic interactions between climate-related hazards with the exposure and vulnerability of the affected human or ecological system to the hazards. Hazards, exposure and vulnerability may each be subject to uncertainty in terms of magnitude and likelihood of occurrence, and each may change over time and space due to socio-economic changes and human decision-making (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Social and environmental benefits (third dividend of resilience) - The wider co-benefits to society and the environment stemming from resilience interventions, beyond avoided losses and induced economic gains, which may accrue regardless of whether a disaster occurs (WRI ⁸⁰).

Supply chain – a channel of goods distribution, whichstarts with the supplier of raw materials or components, moves through an operational process to the distributor and retailer, and finally to the consumer (CIPS ⁹⁷).

Supply chain element (SCE) – an individual element within a supply chain representing a node, transport or logistics hub activity.

Supply chain node – a place in the supply chain where goods are produced, transformed, sold, or consumed (adapted from SFC ⁶¹).

Systemic resilience – a property of an infrastructure system that arises dynamically when the [national] infrastructure is organized in such a way that it can provide agreed critical services (power, heat, communication channels, mobility services, potable water, and wastewater and waste removal) despite endogenous and/or exogenous hazards, and despite the addition, modification and removal of infrastructure components (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).

Transport or logistics link – a transport segment of the logistics network that connects two points.

Transport Chain Element (TCE) – an individual element within a transport chain representing either a transport activity or a hub activity (SFC ⁶¹).

Transport mode – the means by which goods are moved between nodes and hubs (adapted from SFC ⁶¹).

Triple Dividend of Resilience - the threefold set of benefits arising from investments that reduce risk and build resilience: (1) avoided losses during shocks, (2) induced economic or development gains through increased confidence and investment, and (3) wider social and environmental co-benefits that enhance well-being and sustainability at all times (WRI ⁸⁰).

Vulnerability – the propensity or predisposition to be adversely affected. Vulnerability encompasses a variety of concepts and elements, including sensitivity or susceptibility to harm and lack of capacity to cope and adapt (IPCC Glossary ⁹⁶).